Dental Abscess Symptoms and Causes
Tooth abscesses are a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection. An abscess can exist at different areas surrounding the tooth and is caused by various things. There are two types of abscesses: periapical and periodontal. A periapical abscess is at the tip of the root, while a periodontal abscess is in the gums around the tooth’s root. This article will focus on periapical abscesses as they are more common.
Treatment often involves the dentist draining the abscess in order to eliminate the infection. Another treatment which may be used for an abscess is a root canal. Root canals are commonly performed with the goal of preserving the tooth. Unfortunately, sometimes the tooth cannot be saved and it requires removal. When a tooth abscess remains untreated for long periods of time, it can allow for the spread of infection. While it is rare, it is possible for the infection to spread and become quite severe, resulting in serious, life-threatening consequences.
Common signs and symptoms associated with a tooth abscess are listed below:
1. Toothache
2. Pain or swelling in the neck, jawbone, face, or ears
3. Fever
4. Sensitivity to hot, cold, sugary, or acidic foods and beverages
5. Pain when chewing
6. Lymph nodes which are tender or swollen
7. Bad breath or taste in the mouth
8. Ruptured abscesses can release a salty, foul tasting fluid into the mouth
Abscesses are a serious problem and need to be treated in a timely manner. Patients who suspect they have an abscess should contact their dentist immediately. Patients with a fever and swelling in the neck or face who are unable to reach their dentist, should proceed to the closest emergency room. Patients with difficulty breathing or swallowing should also call 911 or go to the emergency room as these symptoms suggest that the infection has spread to other parts of the body.
A periapical abscess is typically caused by an underlying condition including cavities, an injury, or from previous dental work which has failed. A tooth which is compromised allows bacteria access to the tooth’s pulp, the innermost layer of the tooth. The pulp contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The infection can cause swelling and inflammation at the tip of the root.
There are various factors which can put a patient at an increased risk for a tooth abscess. The most common risk factors include the following:
- Chronically dry mouth: Patients with a chronically dry mouth are at a higher risk for tooth decay. Dry mouth is a common side effect for some types of medications. A dry mouth is also a common side effect of the natural aging process.
- Diet: Patients who consume large amounts of sugary foods and drinks are more likely to have a cavity. Cavities can eventually result in a tooth abscess. Patients should work to consume a well-balanced, nutritious diet, which is low in sugar.
- Poor oral hygiene: Patients who do not properly care for their teeth and gums are also at an increased risk for dental problems such as tooth decay, gum disease, tooth abscesses, and other serious issues. A good oral hygiene regimen includes brushing the teeth at least twice each day, daily flossing, and routine dental visits.
When a patient suspects they may have a tooth abscess, they should contact their dentist as soon as possible. Abscesses are a serious oral health problem that need to be treated in a timely manner.