Most Common Root Fractures in Teeth
Root fractures are caused by a break in the tooth which extends into the root. There are various causes for a dental root fracture. The dentist must identify the cause and type of fracture in order to determine the optimal treatment.
Some of the most common causes of a root fracture may include a fall, accident, sports-related injury, teeth grinding, poor oral hygiene practices, and small cracks which are not treated. Below is a summary of the main causes of a dental root fracture, the types of fractures, and treatment options.
There are a few different layers of the tooth. It is important to understand the layers in order to adequately understand a root fracture. The tooth contains three layers which are summarized below:
- Enamel: the visible portion of the tooth which is above the gum line. Enamel is very strong, but can also be damaged
- Dentin: the middle layer below the enamel
- Dental pulp: dental pulp is the center layer of the tooth which contains blood vessels and nerves
Causes
Dental root fractures are typically caused by an accident or trauma such as a fall, sports-related injury, or car accident. In order to reduce the risk of a root fracture, it is important for patients to practice good oral hygiene.
Before an endodontist can properly treat a root fracture, they must first understand the type of root fracture the patient has endured. Types of root fractures are listed below:
- Oblique supragingival fracture
- Oblique subgingival fracture
- Vertical furcation fracture
- Vertical root fracture
- Vertical apical root fracture
An x-ray is commonly used along with a thorough examination to determine the type of fracture and severity of the damage.
Treatment Options
The recommended treatment for a root fracture will vary depending on the severity. Root canals are often recommended in the event of a severe fracture where the damage extends to the dental pulp. During a root canal, the damaged portion of the root is removed and then filled in order to prevent infection. Crowns are often placed on the damaged tooth to aid in preserving the function and appearance of the tooth. When the fracture is more severe, the damaged tooth may need to be extracted.
Dental professionals work diligently to preserve the tooth and avoid removing the tooth. Endodontists have a high success rate in helping patients maintain their natural tooth when it is fractured. While tooth extraction is sometimes the only option, there are excellent tooth-replacement options such as a dental implant which can be used. A root canal can last for more than a decade.
Patients who think they may have a root fracture should contact their dentist immediately. The dental professional will evaluate the damaged tooth and discuss treatment options. In many cases, the damaged tooth can be preserved and restored. Dental root fractures are serious and require prompt treatment. Untreated fractures can result in permanent damage or tooth loss.